Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves from the outer or middle ear to the inner ear. This type of hearing loss can often be treated medically or surgically. Here are some common types of conductive hearing loss:

1. External Ear Canal Obstruction: Blockage or obstruction in the external ear canal can prevent sound waves from reaching the eardrum. This could be due to excessive earwax buildup, foreign objects lodged in the ear, or external ear canal tumors.
2. Otitis Media: Otitis media refers to inflammation or infection in the middle ear. This condition can cause fluid buildup in the middle ear, leading to conductive hearing loss. Otitis media is common in children but can affect adults as well.
3. Perforated Eardrum: A perforated or ruptured eardrum is a condition where there is a hole or tear in the thin membrane separating the outer ear from the middle ear. This can be caused by infections, trauma, or sudden changes in pressure.
4. Ossicular Chain Disruption: The middle ear contains three small bones (ossicles) – the malleus, incus, and stapes – which conduct sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. Disruption or damage to these bones can result in conductive hearing loss.
5. Otosclerosis: Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle ear, particularly around the stapes bone. This leads to a fixation of the stapes, reducing its ability to conduct sound vibrations.
6. Cholesteatoma: A cholesteatoma is an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind the eardrum. As it grows, it can erode surrounding structures, including the ossicles, leading to conductive hearing loss.
7. Congenital Anomalies: Some individuals may have structural abnormalities in the outer or middle ear, causing conductive hearing loss from birth.

• complete labyrinthine aplasia – is a rare congenital inner ear abnormality (1% of cochlear bony malformations). Complete labyrinthine aplasia is the total absence of inner ear structures caused by interruption of the formation of inner ear bony structures around the 3^rd week of gestation.

• rudimentary otocyst
• cochlear aplasia
• common cavity
• cochlear hypoplasia
• incomplete partition of the cochlea
  • incomplete partition type I (IP-I; cystic cochleovestibular anomaly)
  • ​incomplete partition type II (IP-II; including as part of the Mondini malformation)
  • incomplete partition type III (IP-III; X-linked deafness)
• enlarged vestibular aqueduct
• cochlear aperture abnormalities
• vestibule dilation
• semicircular canal dysplasia
• hypoplastic or absent cochlear nerve
• hypoplastic or absent common cochleovestibular nerve

It’s essential to consult an audiologist or an ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialist if you suspect you have hearing loss. They can conduct various tests to determine the type and degree of hearing loss and recommend appropriate treatment options based on the underlying cause.